Comparison of peri-implant soft tissue and crestal bone status of dental implants placed in prediabetic, type 2 diabetic, and non-diabetic individuals: a retrospective cohort study

Abdullah Alshahrani; Modhi Al Deeb; Saad Alresayes; Sameer A Mokeem; Nawwaf Al-Hamoudi; Osama Alghamdi; Fahim Vohra; Tariq Abduljabbar

doi:10.1186/s40729-020-00255-1

Comparison of peri-implant soft tissue and crestal bone status of dental implants placed in prediabetic, type 2 diabetic, and non-diabetic individuals: a retrospective cohort study

Int J Implant Dent. 2020 Oct 5;6(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s40729-020-00255-1.

Authors

Abdullah Alshahrani¹, Modhi Al Deeb¹, Saad Alresayes¹, Sameer A Mokeem², Nawwaf Al-Hamoudi², Osama Alghamdi³, Fahim Vohra¹, Tariq Abduljabbar⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College Of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College Of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College Of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. tajabbar@ksu.edu.sa.

Abstract

Background: Clinicoradiographic status of narrow-diameter implants (NDIs) among patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is scarce. The aim was to address the clinicoradiographic status of NDIs placed prediabetic, type 2 diabetic, and non-diabetic individuals. In this retrospective cohort study, patients having undergone oral rehabilitation with NDI were included. The participants were divided into the following: (a) patients with prediabetes; (b) patients with poorly controlled type 2 DM; (c) patients with well-controlled type 2 DM; and (d) normoglycemic individuals. Demographic data was collected. In all groups, peri-implant plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and mesiodistal CBL were measured in all groups. Information related to implant dimensions, surface characteristics, insertion torque, implant geometry, duration of NDI in function, and jaw location of NDI was also recorded. Data normality was assessed and group comparisons were performed. A probability value under 0.01 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Eighty-three patients (20 patients had prediabetes, 22 with poorly controlled type 2 DM, 20 with well-controlled type 2 DM, and 20 self-reported non-diabetic individuals) were included. The mean HbA1c levels were significantly higher among patients with prediabetes (P < 0.01) and poorly controlled type 2 DM (P < 0.01) than patients with well-controlled type 2 DM and non-diabetic controls. Peri-implant PI, GI, PD, and mesiodistal CBL levels were significantly higher among patients with pre-diabetes (P < 0.01) and poorly controlled type 2 DM (P < 0.01) than patients with well-controlled type 2 DM and non-diabetic controls. Peri-implant PI, GI, PD, and mesiodistal CBL levels were significantly higher among patients with poorly controlled type 2 DM (P < 0.01) than patients with prediabetes.

Conclusion: Chronic hyperglycemia increases the risk of peri-implant diseases around NDIs.

Keywords: Alveolar bone loss; Bleeding on probing; Narrow-diameter implants; Prediabetes; Probing depth; Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Grants and funding

RG-1438-075/King Saud University