Silicon photonics-based laser Doppler vibrometer array for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement

Yanlu Li; Louise Marais; Hakim Khettab; Zhiheng Quan; Soren Aasmul; Rob Leinders; Ralf Schüler; Padraic E Morrissey; Stephen Greenwald; Patrick Segers; Michael Vanslembrouck; Rosa M Bruno; Pierre Boutouyrie; Peter O'Brien; Mirko de Melis; Roel Baets

doi:10.1364/BOE.394921

Silicon photonics-based laser Doppler vibrometer array for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement

Biomed Opt Express. 2020 Jun 22;11(7):3913-3926. doi: 10.1364/BOE.394921. eCollection 2020 Jul 1.

Authors

Yanlu Li^{1

2}, Louise Marais³, Hakim Khettab³, Zhiheng Quan⁴, Soren Aasmul⁵, Rob Leinders⁵, Ralf Schüler⁶, Padraic E Morrissey⁴, Stephen Greenwald⁷, Patrick Segers⁸, Michael Vanslembrouck^{1

2}, Rosa M Bruno³, Pierre Boutouyrie³, Peter O'Brien⁴, Mirko de Melis⁵, Roel Baets^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Photonics Research Group, Ghent University-imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
² Center for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
³ INSERM U970, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
⁴ Photonic Packaging Group, Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings Complex Dyke Parade, T12R5CP, Cork, Ireland.
⁵ Medtronic Bakken Research Center, Endepolsdomein 5, 6229 GW, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
⁶ SIOS Messtechnik GmbH, Am Vogelherd 46, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany.
⁷ Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT, London, UK.
⁸ IBiTech-bioMMeda, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.

Abstract

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a reference measure for aortic stiffness, itself an important biomarker of cardiovascular risk. To enable low-cost and easy-to-use PWV measurement devices that can be used in routine clinical practice, we have designed several handheld PWV sensors using miniaturized laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) arrays in a silicon photonics platform. The LDV-based PWV sensor design and the signal processing protocol to obtain pulse transit time (PTT) and carotid-femoral PWV in a feasibility study in humans, are described in this paper. Compared with a commercial reference PWV measurement system, measuring arterial pressure waveforms by applanation tonometry, LDV-based displacement signals resulted in more complex signals. However, we have shown that it is possible to identify reliable fiducial points for PTT calculation using the maximum of the 2^nd derivative algorithm in LDV-based signals, comparable to those obtained by the reference technique, applanation tonometry.