Perceptions of managers regarding prerequisites for the development of professional competence of newly graduated nurses: A qualitative study

Abstract

Aim and objectives: To describe perceptions of managers regarding prerequisites for professional competence development of newly graduated nurses following a 1-year residency programme.

Background: In general, managers are unsatisfied with the professional competence of newly graduated nurses. Therefore, they have been involved in residency programmes to support the nurses' transition from being nursing students to professional nurses. However, perceptions of managers regarding the professional competence development of nurses have been sparingly studied.

Design/methods: Qualitative, descriptive study with a data-driven inductive approach with content analysis to obtain an understanding of the perceptions of nine managers through interviews. EQUATOR checklist COREQ is used (see File S1).

Results: Three themes emerged: (a) the nurses' relationships with their teams and patients, (b) expectations regarding the development of practical skills and leadership skills and (c) prerequisites for continuing learning by supportive structures and a mutual responsibility between the manager and the nurse. Reflection was perceived by the managers as a cornerstone in the learning and development of professional competence. Learning theory was important, but learning practical clinical skills was essential for the nurses to develop competence and be able to perform their work, including being a leader of the team. Some structures discouraged continued learning in the development of professional competence, indicating a gap between the healthcare settings and the basic nursing programme.

Conclusions: There is a gap between the university and the healthcare settings in maintaining a structure for continued learning, which requires cooperation. This gap and tension can be a driving force for the learning process of competence development. Relationships with team members and patients are considered fundamental for developing professional competence.

Relevance to clinical practice: To overcome the gap between the university and the healthcare settings, the managers can facilitate nurses' continued learning by creating structures for reflection.

Keywords: clinical skills; education; health care; leadership; learning; patient safety; professional competence.