Twenty-five years ago, optimal medical management was the mainstay of treatment in acute type B aortic dissection (TBAD) and intramural haematoma (IMH), with surgery being reserved for cases with rupture or critical branch vessel ischaemia. Less invasive endoluminal management of TBAD and IMH has developed rapidly over the past two and a half decades, thus changing the treatment algorithm in these patients. Today the focus has shifted to primary management with a combination of endoluminal intervention and optimal medical treatment. The purpose of this article is to describe the various interventional techniques, discuss the indications for intervention, and present the results in the current literature regarding clinical (rupture, branch vessel ischaemia) as well as morphological response (aortic remodelling), complications, and morbidity/mortality associated with endoluminal intervention.
Keywords: Balloon fenestration; IMH; Stent-graft; TBAD; TEVAR; True lumen stenting.