Cell senescence is caused by the activation of cell cycle inhibition pathways induced by an accumulation of cellular damage, where cells permanently leave the cell cycle. Senescent cells undergo changes in cell morphology, transcription, protein homeostasis, metabolism and other characteristic alterations. At the same time, senescent cells are able to resist apoptosis and accumulate in multiple organs and tissues in vivo. Senescent cells are capable of activating inflammatory factor secretion pathways, generating local, non‑infectious inflammatory microenvironments within tissues, leading to organ degeneration and the development of aging‑associated diseases. A large number of recently published studies have demonstrated that removing senescent cells from the body delays the occurrence of various aging‑associated diseases. Therefore, the targeted killing of senescent cells potentially has important clinical applications in the treatment of various aging‑associated diseases, aiming to improve the life span of patients. The present review summarizes recent progress that has been made in the field of senescent cell clearance and various anti‑aging strategies. The history of cell senescence research is briefly reviewed, along with the association between cell senescence and tumor therapy. Furthermore, the potential of senescent cells to be used as therapeutic targets in various senescence‑associated diseases is primarily discussed, and the limitations, as well as the future prospects of this line of research, are reviewed.