Silk fibroin proteins are biomaterials with diverse applications. These spider and silkworm proteins have specific biological effects when consumed by mammals; in addition to reducing blood pressure and blood glucose and cholesterol levels, they have anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity. In the present study, rice (Oryza sativa) was engineered to produce the C-terminus of the major ampullate spidroin protein from the spider Araneus ventricosus under the control of a Prolamin promoter. Homozygous transgenic rice lines were identified, and the therapeutic effect of this spider silk fibroin protein on the lipid and glucose metabolism was analyzed in a mouse model. Feeding fat-fed mice, the transgenic rice seeds for four weeks reduced serum concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and lowered blood glucose levels. This is the first study to investigate the effects of consumption of rice seeds heterologously expressing spider silk fibroin protein in a mammalian model. Our findings suggest that functional foods containing spider silk fibroin protein might be useful as potential pharmaceutical materials for preventing and treating diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia.
Keywords: glucose metabolism; lipid metabolism; spider silk fibroin protein; transgenic rice.