Background: Among the claudin (CLDN) family, CLDN6 exhibits aberrant expression in various cancers, but its biological relevance has not yet been established. We generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against human CLDN6 and verified its specificity. By immunohistochemical staining and semi-quantification, we evaluated the relationship between CLDN6 expression and clinicopathological parameters in tissues from 173 cases of endometrial cancer.
Results: The established mAb selectively recognized CLDN6 protein. Ten of the 173 cases (5.8%) showed high CLDN6 expression (score 3+), whereas 19 (11.0%), 18 (10.4%) and 126 (72.4%) cases revealed low CLDN6 expression (score 2+, 1+ and 0, respectively). In addition, intratumor heterogeneity of CLDN6 expression was observed even in the cases with high CLDN6 expression. The 5-year survival rates in the high and low CLDN6 groups was approximately 30% and 90%, respectively. Among the clinicopathological factors, the high CLDN6 expression was significantly associated with surgical stage III/IV, histological grade 3, lymphovascular space involvement, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. Furthermore, the high CLDN6 expression was an independent prognostic marker for overall survival of endometrial cancer patients (hazard ratio 3.50, p = 0.014).
Conclusions: It can be concluded that aberrant CLDN6 expression is useful to predict poor outcome for endometrial cancer and might be a promising therapeutic target.
Keywords: CLDN6; biomarker; claudin; endometrial cancer; prognosis; tight junction.