Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics of high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) in a single center, analyze the prognostic factors of HR-NB. Methods: The clinical data of children with HR-NB who were treated and followed up at the hematology-oncology center of Beijing Children's Hospital from February 1, 2007 to June 30, 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical features were summarized. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis and Cox regression was used to analyze the prognostic factors. The last follow-up time was June 30, 2019. Results: A total of 458 children with HR-NB were enrolled in this study, including 265 males (57.9%) and 193 females (42.1%), the age at diagnosis was 40.0 months (4.5-148.0 months), the follow-up time was 22.0 months (0.2-138.0 months) and the time of tumor progression or recurrence was 15 months (1-72 months). The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate was (31.2±2.6)% and the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was (43.9±3.2)%. The 5-year EFS rate and 5-year OS rate in 142 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients with bone marrow metastases were better than that in 196 non-transplantation cases with bone marrow metastases ((26.5±4.5)% vs. (25.1±3.6)%, χ²=13.773, P=0.001; (38.1±5.5)% vs. (35.7±4.7)%, χ²=9.235, P=0.002); 128 transplantation patients with bone metastases had higher 5-year EFS rate and 5-year OS rate than 188 non-transplantation cases with bone metastases ((28.5±5.0)% vs. (26.7±3.8)%, χ²=10.222, P=0.001; (37.1±6.0)% vs. (36.2±4.8)%, χ²=7.843, P=0.005). The 5-year EFS rate was higher in 37 HSCT patients with MYCN amplification than in 49 non-transplantation cases with MYCN amplification ((26.8±8.0) % vs. (20.5±6.4) %, χ²=5.732, P=0.017). No significant difference was found in 5-years OS rate between transplantation group with MYCN amplification and non-transplantation group with MYCN amplification ((31.4±8.6) % vs. (26.2±7.4) %, χ²=3.230, P=0.072). Univariate survival analysis showed that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)≥1 500 U/L was associated with poor prognosis of patients with MYCN amplification (χ²=6.960, P=0.008). Multivariate Cox analysis showed bone marrow metastasis and LDH≥1 500 U/L were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of patients with non-MYCN amplification (HR=2.427, 1.618;95%CI：1.427-4.126, 1.275-2.054, P<0.05) for both comparisons. Conclusions: LDH≥1 500 U/L was the poor prognostic factor for patients with MYCN amplification. The bone marrow metastasis and LDH≥1 500 U/L were the poor prognostic factors for HR-NB patients with non-MYCN amplification. HSCT can improve the prognosis of patients with bone or bone marrow metastasis. It can also retard the time of progression or recurrence for patients with MYCN amplification.
目的： 总结单中心诊治的高危神经母细胞瘤（HR-NB）患儿的临床特征，分析影响HR-NB预后的因素。 方法： 回顾性分析2007年2月1日至2018年6月30日在北京儿童医院血液肿瘤中心治疗并随访的458例HR-NB患儿临床资料。对患儿临床特征进行分析，采用Kaplan-Meier方法进行生存分析，使用Cox模型进行预后因素分析。最后随访时间截至2019年6月30日。 结果： 458例HR-NB患儿中男265例（57.9%），女193例（42.1%），诊断年龄40.0（4.5~148.0）月龄，随访时间22.0（0.2~138.0）个月，发生肿瘤复发或进展时间为15（1~72）个月。458例HR-NB患儿5年无事件生存率（EFS）为(31.2±2.6)%，5年总生存率（OS）为(43.9±3.2)%。142例接受造血干细胞移植（HSCT）的骨髓转移患儿5年EFS、5年OS均优于196例未移植的骨髓转移患儿［(26.5±4.5)%比（25.1±3.6)%，χ²=13.773，P=0.001；(38.1±5.5)%比（35.7±4.7)%，χ²=9.235，P=0.002］。128例接受移植的骨骼转移患儿5年EFS、5年OS均优于188例未移植的骨骼转移患儿［(28.5±5.0)% 比（26.7±3.8)%，χ²=10.222，P=0.001；(37.1±6.0)%比（36.2±4.8)%，χ²=7.843，P=0.005］。37例接受移植的MYCN扩增患儿5年EFS优于49例未移植的MYCN扩增患儿［(26.8±8.0)%比（20.5±6.4)%，χ²=5.732，P=0.017］，5年OS差异无统计学意义［(31.4±8.6)%比（26.2±7.4)%，χ²=3.230，P=0.072］。单因素分析显示乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）≥1 500 U/L是MYCN扩增患儿预后不良的危险因素（χ²=6.960，P=0.008），Cox多因素分析显示骨髓转移及LDH≥1 500 U/L是影响MYCN未扩增HR-NB患儿预后的独立危险因素（HR=2.427、1.618，95%CI 1.427~4.126、1.275~2.054，P均<0.05）。 结论： LDH≥1 500 U/L是MYCN扩增患儿预后不良因素，骨髓转移及LDH≥1 500 U/L是MYCN未扩增HR-NB患儿预后不良因素；HSCT可以提高骨髓或骨骼转移HR-NB患儿预后，可以延缓MYCN扩增患儿肿瘤复发或进展时间。.
Keywords: Neuroblastoma; Prognosis; Risk factors.