Intraoperative detection of second inferior vena cava during para-aortic lymphadenectomy for advanced-staged ovarian cancer: Lessons to be learned

Abstract

As the presence of second inferior vena cava may alter the extent of para-aortic lymphadenectomy, early preoperative imaging diagnosis is of great significance to avoid intraoperative difficulties.

Keywords: Second inferior vena cava; left renal vein; ovarian cancer; para‐aortic lymphadenectomy; preoperative imaging.