The Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 in Cell Proliferation and Tissue Regeneration

Front Immunol. 2020 Aug 28:11:2109. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02109. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

The CXCR4 receptor upon binding its ligands triggers multiple signaling pathways that orchestrate cell migration, hematopoiesis and cell homing, and retention in the bone marrow. However, CXCR4 also directly controls cell proliferation of non-hematopoietic cells. This review focuses on recent reports pointing to its pivotal role in tissue regeneration and stem cell activation, and discusses the connection to the known role of CXCR4 in promoting tumor growth. The mechanisms may be similar in all cases, since regeneration often recapitulates developmental processes, and cancer often exploits developmental pathways. Moreover, cell migration and cell proliferation appear to be downstream of the same signaling pathways. A deeper understanding of the complex signaling originating from CXCR4 is needed to exploit the opportunities to repair damaged organs safely and effectively.

Keywords: CXCL12; CXCR4; HMGB1; cancer; chemokine; tissue regeneration.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Proliferation*
  • Humans
  • Neoplasm Proteins / immunology*
  • Neoplasms / immunology*
  • Receptors, CXCR4 / immunology*
  • Regeneration / immunology*
  • Stem Cells / immunology*

Substances

  • CXCR4 protein, human
  • Neoplasm Proteins
  • Receptors, CXCR4