Detection of mitochondria-pertinent components in exosomes

Mitochondrion. 2020 Nov:55:100-110. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.09.006. Epub 2020 Sep 24.

Abstract

We screened cell line and plasma-derived exosomes for molecules that localize to mitochondria or that reflect mitochondrial integrity. SH-SY5Y cell-derived exosomes contained humanin, citrate synthase, and fibroblast growth factor 21 protein, and plasma-derived exosomes contained humanin, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1, and transcription factor A protein. Nuclear mitochondrial (NUMT) DNA complicated analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which otherwise suggested exosomes contain at most very low amounts of extended mtDNA sequences but likely contain degraded pieces of mtDNA. Cell and plasma-derived exosomes contained several mtDNA-derived mRNA sequences, including those for ND2, CO2, and humanin. These results can guide exosome-focused, mitochondria-pertinent biomarker development.

Keywords: Biomarker; Exosome; Mitochondria; NUMT; mitochondrial DNA.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Blood / metabolism*
  • Cell Line
  • Chromatography, Gel
  • DNA, Mitochondrial / analysis*
  • Electron Transport Complex IV / analysis
  • Exosomes / chemistry*
  • Humans
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / analysis
  • Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  • Mitochondria / chemistry*
  • NADH Dehydrogenase / analysis

Substances

  • DNA, Mitochondrial
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • humanin
  • NADH Dehydrogenase
  • NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2, human
  • COX20 protein, human
  • Electron Transport Complex IV