Cardiometabolic Traits, Sepsis, and Severe COVID-19: A Mendelian Randomization Investigation

Affiliations

• ¹ Immunodeficiency Centre of Wales, University Hospital Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom (M.J.P.).
• ² Division of Immunology, Infection, and Inflammation, Tenovus Institute, Cardiff University, United Kingdom (M.J.P., S.J.).
• ³ Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.G., A.J.G., V.Z., S.B.).
• ⁴ MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (V.M.W., R.E.W., H.R., B.B., N.D.).
• ⁵ Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (V.M.W.).
• ⁶ National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance (L.S.P.M.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
• ⁷ Chelsea and Westminster National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (L.S.P.M.).
• ⁸ Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London and Imperial College National Health Service Healthcare Trust, United Kingdom (L.S.P.M.).
• ⁹ Department of Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (S.F.).
• ¹⁰ Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.M.M., S.B.).
• ¹¹ National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, United Kingdom (A.M.M.).
• ¹² Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (V.Z., D.G.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
• ¹³ Departments of Internal Medicine, Human Genetics and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (C.W.).
• ¹⁴ K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing (H.R., B.B., K.H., N.D., B.O.Å.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim.
• ¹⁵ Department of Thoracic Medicine (B.B.), St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway.
• ¹⁶ Department of Research, Innovation and Education (K.H.), St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway.
• ¹⁷ Department of Infectious Diseases (J.K.D.), St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway.
• ¹⁸ Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (J.K.D.).
• ¹⁹ Department of Endocrinology (B.O.Å.), St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway.
• ²⁰ Gemini Center for Sepsis Research, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging (E.S., T.R., E.S.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim.
• ²¹ Clinic of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (E.S.), St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway.
• ²² Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Old Road Campus, United Kingdom (D.G.).
• ²³ Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Section, Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education and Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (D.G.).
• ²⁴ Clinical Pharmacology Group, Pharmacy and Medicines Directorate, St George's University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (D.G.).