Immunotherapy during the acute SHIV infection of macaques confers long-term suppression of viremia

J Exp Med. 2021 Jan 4;218(1):e20201214. doi: 10.1084/jem.20201214.

Abstract

We report that combination bNAb immunotherapy initiated on day 3 post-infection (PI) maintained durable CD8+ T cell-mediated suppression of SHIVAD8 viremia and preinoculation levels of CD4+ T cells in 9 of 13 treated monkeys during nearly 6 yr of observation, as assessed by successive CD8+ T cell-depletion experiments. In an extension of that study, two treatment interventions (bNAbs alone or cART plus bNAbs) beginning on week 2 PI were conducted and conferred controller status to 7 of 12 monkeys that was also dependent on control mediated by CD8+ cells. However, the median time to suppression of plasma viremia following intervention on week 2 was markedly delayed (85 wk) compared with combination bNAb immunotherapy initiated on day 3 (39 wk). In both cases, the principal correlate of virus control was the induction of CD8+ T cellular immunity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Animals
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • Female
  • HIV Infections / immunology
  • HIV Infections / pathology
  • HIV Infections / therapy*
  • HIV-1 / immunology*
  • Immunity, Cellular
  • Immunotherapy*
  • Macaca mulatta
  • Male
  • Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / immunology
  • Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / pathology
  • Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / therapy*
  • Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / immunology*
  • Viremia / immunology
  • Viremia / pathology
  • Viremia / therapy*