Abstract
The current pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has quickly emerged as a global health concern with government bodies worldwide taking drastic control measures. Understanding the virology of SARS-CoV-2, its molecular mechanisms, and its pathogenesis are required for a targeted therapeutic approach. In this review, we highlight the current molecular and drug advances that target SARS-CoV-2 at the genome level. We also summarize studies that therapeutically target the host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and proteases. Finally, we summarize antibody-mediated therapeutic approaches, as well as recent trends in vaccine development. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate different molecular targets in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and their usefulness in developing strategies for drug development.
Keywords:
ACE2; SARS-CoV-2; TMPRSS2; antibodies; vaccine development; virus.
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 / antagonists & inhibitors
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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 / genetics*
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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 / immunology
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Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use*
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Antibodies, Viral / therapeutic use
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Antiviral Agents / chemical synthesis
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Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
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COVID-19 / immunology
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COVID-19 / prevention & control
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COVID-19 / therapy
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COVID-19 / virology
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COVID-19 Drug Treatment*
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COVID-19 Serotherapy
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Coronavirus 3C Proteases / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Coronavirus 3C Proteases / chemistry
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Coronavirus 3C Proteases / genetics
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Coronavirus 3C Proteases / metabolism
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Drug Approval
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Drug Discovery
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Gene Expression Regulation
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Host-Pathogen Interactions / genetics
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Host-Pathogen Interactions / immunology
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Humans
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Immunization, Passive / methods
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Protease Inhibitors / chemical synthesis
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SARS-CoV-2 / drug effects
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SARS-CoV-2 / immunology
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SARS-CoV-2 / pathogenicity
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Serine Endopeptidases / genetics*
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Serine Endopeptidases / immunology
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Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / antagonists & inhibitors
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Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / genetics*
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Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / immunology
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United States
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United States Food and Drug Administration
Substances
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Antibodies, Monoclonal
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Antibodies, Viral
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Antiviral Agents
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Protease Inhibitors
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Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
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spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
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ACE2 protein, human
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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
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Serine Endopeptidases
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TMPRSS2 protein, human
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Coronavirus 3C Proteases