Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 emerged as a serious human pathogen in late 2019, causing the disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The most common clinical presentation of severe COVID-19 is acute respiratory failure consistent with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Airway, lung parenchymal, pulmonary vascular, and respiratory neuromuscular disorders all feature in COVID-19. This article reviews what is known about the effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection on different parts of the respiratory system, clues to understanding the underlying biology of respiratory disease, and highlights current and future translation and clinical research questions.
Keywords:
COVID-19; acute respiratory distress syndrome; diaphragm; infection; respiratory system; thromboembolism.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Betacoronavirus / pathogenicity*
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COVID-19
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Coronavirus Infections / diagnosis
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Coronavirus Infections / physiopathology
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Coronavirus Infections / therapy
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Coronavirus Infections / virology*
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Host-Pathogen Interactions
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Humans
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Lung / physiopathology
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Lung / virology*
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Pandemics
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Pneumonia, Viral / diagnosis
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Pneumonia, Viral / physiopathology
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Pneumonia, Viral / therapy
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Pneumonia, Viral / virology*
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Prognosis
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Pulmonary Embolism / physiopathology
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Pulmonary Embolism / therapy
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Pulmonary Embolism / virology
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Respiration*
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Respiration, Artificial
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Respiratory Distress Syndrome / diagnosis
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Respiratory Distress Syndrome / physiopathology
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Respiratory Distress Syndrome / therapy
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Respiratory Distress Syndrome / virology*
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Respiratory Insufficiency / diagnosis
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Respiratory Insufficiency / physiopathology
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Respiratory Insufficiency / therapy
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Respiratory Insufficiency / virology*
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Risk Factors
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SARS-CoV-2
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Translational Research, Biomedical*
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Venous Thromboembolism / physiopathology
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Venous Thromboembolism / therapy
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Venous Thromboembolism / virology