Description and classification of neurodevelopmental disabilities

Abstract

Classification is a tool for communication so that when clinicians, policy-makers, or researchers refer to some features they talk about the same thing. The classification of neurodevelopmental problems in children and adolescents is crucial to better understand their prevalence and the intervention or treatment that should be provided. However, such classification might be challenging, especially when development aspects have to be taken into account. This chapter aims to provide a better understanding of the classification of neurodevelopmental disabilities. Thus, we provide an overview of the different classification systems that are the most commonly used, such as the well-known Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Moreover, we address opportunities and challenges inherent to the classification of neurodevelopmental disorders and the implications for clinical practice and research areas.

Keywords: Classification system; Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM); International classification of diseases (ICD); Neurodevelopmental disabilities.