Microfluidics has revolutionized several research areas by providing compact yet powerful microanalytical devices that in many cases outperform conventional systems. Among different microfluidics technologies, droplet microfluidics has emerged as a powerful platform to enable analyses of biological samples and phenomena because of its simplicity and versatility. Droplet microfluidics enables high-throughput encapsulation, manipulation, and analysis of single cells while drastically reducing the cost and time required by conventional technologies. For many of these microanalysis systems, manipulation of individual droplets is extremely important as it enables multiplexed high dimensional phenotyping of the targets, going beyond surface phenotyping. One of the key manipulation steps that needs to be implemented with high precision is enabling long-term observation of droplets and recovery of a subset of these droplets for further analysis. This Perspective highlights the recent advances and provides an outlook on future developments that will enable highly complex analyses of biological samples.
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