Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of perinatal viral infection, affecting 0.2-2.2% of all neonates, with variation among different study populations. It can cause serious long-term neurological sequelae, being the leading cause of non-genetic congenital hearing loss. The risk of congenital infection is highest after primary maternal infection, varying between 30-70% and depending on the gestational age at the time of infection. Although CMV can have serious neurodevelopmental consequences, in most developed countries current guidelines do not recommend routine screening for CMV in pregnancy, since current tests have a low predictive value for cases with serious adverse outcome and efficient therapeutic options are not standardized yet. In Romania there is a routine clinical practice to offer screening for most common causes of infections, including CMV, in the first trimester of pregnancy In these settings, this review summarizes the current methods of diagnosis and management of CMV infection in pregnancy.