The pediatric solid organ transplant experience with COVID-19: An initial multi-center, multi-organ case series

Pediatr Transplant. 2021 May;25(3):e13868. doi: 10.1111/petr.13868. Epub 2020 Nov 9.

Abstract

The clinical course of COVID-19 in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients remains ambiguous. Though preliminary experiences with adult transplant recipients have been published, literature centered on the pediatric population is limited. We herein report a multi-center, multi-organ cohort analysis of COVID-19-positive transplant recipients ≤ 18 years at time of transplant. Data were collected via institutions' respective electronic medical record systems. Local review boards approved this cross-institutional study. Among 5 transplant centers, 26 patients (62% male) were reviewed with a median age of 8 years. Six were heart recipients, 8 kidney, 10 liver, and 2 lung. Presenting symptoms included cough (n = 12 (46%)), fever (n = 9 (35%)), dry/sore throat (n = 3 (12%)), rhinorrhea (n = 3 (12%)), anosmia (n = 2 (8%)), chest pain (n = 2 (8%)), diarrhea (n = 2 (8%)), dyspnea (n = 1 (4%)), and headache (n = 1 (4%)). Six patients (23%) were asymptomatic. No patient required supplemental oxygen, intubation, or ECMO. Eight patients (31%) were hospitalized at time of diagnosis, 3 of whom were already admitted for unrelated problems. Post-transplant immunosuppression was reduced for only 2 patients (8%). All symptomatic patients recovered within 7 days. Our multi-institutional experience suggests the prognoses of pediatric transplant recipients infected with COVID-19 may mirror those of immunocompetent children, with infrequent hospitalization and minimal treatment, if any, required.

Keywords: pediatric transplantation; viral infection.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • COVID-19 / complications*
  • COVID-19 / diagnosis
  • COVID-19 / immunology*
  • COVID-19 / therapy
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Female
  • Graft Rejection / immunology
  • Graft Rejection / prevention & control*
  • Hospitalization / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Immunocompromised Host*
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Male
  • Organ Transplantation*
  • Perioperative Care / methods*
  • Perioperative Care / statistics & numerical data
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Immunosuppressive Agents