Global Neural Activities Changes under Human Inhibitory Control Using Translational Scenario

Rupesh Kumar Chikara; Li-Wei Ko

doi:10.3390/brainsci10090640

Global Neural Activities Changes under Human Inhibitory Control Using Translational Scenario

Brain Sci. 2020 Sep 16;10(9):640. doi: 10.3390/brainsci10090640.

Authors

Rupesh Kumar Chikara^{1

2

3

4}, Li-Wei Ko^{1

2

3

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
² Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
³ Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
⁴ Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
⁵ Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.

Abstract

This study presents a new approach to exploring human inhibition in a realistic scenario. In previous inhibition studies, the stimulus design of go/no-go task generally used a simple symbol for the go and stop signals. We can understand the neural activity of inhibition through simple symbol scenario. In the real world, situations of human inhibition are more complex than performing an experiment in the laboratory scale. How to explore the neural activities of inhibition in a realistic environment is more complex. Consequently, we designed a battlefield scenario to investigate the neural activities of inhibition in a more realistic environmental setting. The battlefield scenario provides stronger emotion, motivation and real-world experiences for participants during inhibition. In the battlefield scenario, the signs of fixation, go and stop were replaced by images of a sniper scope, a target and a non-target. The battlefield scenario is a shooting game between the enemy and the soldiers. In battlefield scenario participants played the role of the soldiers for shooting target and to stop shooting when a non-target appeared. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals from twenty participants were acquired and analyzed using independent component analysis (ICA) and dipole source localization method. The results of event-related potential (ERP) showed a significant modulation of the peaks N1, N2 and P3 in the frontal and cingulate cortices under inhibitory control. The partially overlapping ERP N2 and P3 waves were associated with inhibition in the frontal cortex. The ERP N2, N1 and P3 waves in the cingulate cortex are related to sustained attention, motivation, emotion and inhibitory control. In addition, the event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) results shows that the powers of the delta and theta bands increased significantly in the frontal and cingulate cortices under human inhibitory control. The EEG-ERP waves and power spectra in the frontal and cingulate cortices were found more increased than in the parietal, occipital, left and right motor cortices after successful stop. These findings provide new insights to understand the global neural activities changes during human inhibitory control with realistic environmental scenario.

Keywords: N1; N2; P3; cingulate cortex; electroencephalography (EEG); event-related potential (ERP); frontal cortex; independent component analysis (ICA); response inhibition.