Development of formaldehyde-free bio-board produced from mushroom mycelium and substrate waste

Shing Ching Khoo; Wan Xi Peng; Yan Yang; Sheng Bo Ge; Chin Fhong Soon; Nyuk Ling Ma; Christian Sonne

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123296

Development of formaldehyde-free bio-board produced from mushroom mycelium and substrate waste

J Hazard Mater. 2020 Dec 5:400:123296. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123296. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Authors

Shing Ching Khoo¹, Wan Xi Peng², Yan Yang², Sheng Bo Ge³, Chin Fhong Soon⁴, Nyuk Ling Ma⁵, Christian Sonne⁶

Affiliations

¹ Henan Province Engineering Research Centre for Biomass Value-Added Products, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
² Henan Province Engineering Research Centre for Biomass Value-Added Products, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
³ Henan Province Engineering Research Centre for Biomass Value-Added Products, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
⁴ Microelectronics & Nanotechnology - Shamsudin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Institute for Integrated Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Malaysia.
⁵ Henan Province Engineering Research Centre for Biomass Value-Added Products, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Anhui Juke Graphene Technology Co., Ltd. Bozhou, 233600, China. Electronic address: nyukling@umt.edu.my.
⁶ Henan Province Engineering Research Centre for Biomass Value-Added Products, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Arctic Research Center (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Electronic address: cs@bios.au.dk.

PMID: 32947701
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123296

Abstract

Synthetic adhesives in the plywood industry are usually volatile compounds such as formaldehyde-based chemical which are costly and hazardous to health and the environment. This phenomenon promotes an interest in developing bio-boards without synthetic adhesives. This study proposed a novel application of natural mycelium produced during mushroom cultivation as natural bio-adhesive material that convert spent mushroom substrate (SMS) into high-performance bio-board material. Different types of spent mushroom substrates were compressed with specific designed mould with optimal temperature at 160 °C and 10 mPa for 20 min. The bio-board made from Ganoderma lucidum SMS had the highest internal bonding strength up to 2.51 mPa. This is far above the 0.4-0.8 range of China and US national standards. In addition, the material had high water and fire resistance, high bonding and densified structures despite free of any adhesive chemicals. These properties and the low cost one step procedure show the potential as a zero-waste economy chain for sustainable agricultural practice for waste and remediation.

Keywords: FTIR; Green technology; RAMAN spectroscopy; Spent mushroom substrate.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Agaricales*
Agriculture
China
Formaldehyde
Mycelium

Substances

Formaldehyde