Background: Of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), 30% to 85% report pain. However, mechanisms underlying this pain remain unclear. In line with known neuroanatomical impairments, we hypothesized that pain in PD is caused by alterations in emotional-motivational as opposed to sensory-discriminative pain processing and that dopamine recovers the capacity for endogenous emotional-motivational pain modulation in patients with PD.
Methods: A total of 20 patients with PD played a random reward paradigm with painful heat stimuli in addition to assessments of pain sensitivity once with and once without levodopa.
Results: Levodopa increased endogenous pain inhibition in terms of perceived pain intensity and un/pleasantness compared with a medication off state. Higher clinical pain was associated with higher increases in pain inhibition. Levodopa did not affect heat pain threshold, tolerance, or temporal summation.
Conclusion: Patients with PD seem to be predominately impaired in emotional-motivational as opposed to sensory-discriminative pain processing. A differential understanding of pain in PD is urgently needed because effective treatment strategies are lacking. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Keywords: Parkinson's disease; dopamine; emotional-motivational pain processing; endogenous pain modulation; medial pain system.
© 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.