The value of p16 and HPV DNA in non-tonsillar, non-base of tongue oropharyngeal cancer

Acta Otolaryngol. 2021 Jan;141(1):89-94. doi: 10.1080/00016489.2020.1813906. Epub 2020 Sep 17.

Abstract

Background: Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is dominated by tonsillar and tongue base carcinomas (TSCC/BOTSCC), but there are carcinomas at other sites, such as uvula/soft palate/pharyngeal wall here defined as other OPSCC. Human papillomavirus (HPV) positive TSCC/BOTSCC have favorable outcome, and the TNM-classification separates OPSCC into HPV mediated (p16INK4a overexpressing, p16+) and HPV unrelated OPSCC (p16INK4a non-overexpressing, p16-) cancer, but the prognostic role of p16+ in other OPSCC is unclear.

Aims/objectives: This study therefore aimed to further investigate the prognostic role of p16+, presence of HPV DNA, or both combined in other OPSCC.

Material and methods: 195 other OPSCC, from patients diagnosed 2000-2018 were tested for p16, and/or presence of HPV DNA and the data correlated to outcome.

Results: Neither overall survival, nor disease free survival correlated to presence of p16+ or HPV DNA in other OPSCC. p16+ and HPV DNA presence were correlated (p < .0001), but the sensitivity of p16 as a surrogate marker for presence of HPV DNA was low (49%).

Conclusions and significance: The data suggest that p16+ (and p16+/HPV DNA) positive other OPSCC should be analyzed cautiously and possibly separately from the HPV mediated OPSCC staging group.

Keywords: HPV; Non-tonsillar non-base of tongue oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma; oropharyngeal cancer; p16; survival.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • DNA Probes, HPV / biosynthesis
  • DNA Probes, HPV / genetics
  • DNA, Viral / genetics
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Viral*
  • Human papillomavirus 16 / genetics*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / diagnosis
  • Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / virology
  • Papillomavirus Infections / genetics*
  • Papillomavirus Infections / metabolism
  • Papillomavirus Infections / virology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck / diagnosis
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck / genetics*
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck / virology
  • Tongue Neoplasms / diagnosis
  • Tongue Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Tongue Neoplasms / virology
  • Viral Core Proteins / biosynthesis
  • Viral Core Proteins / genetics*

Substances

  • 16 kDa protein, hepatitis C virus
  • DNA Probes, HPV
  • DNA, Viral
  • Viral Core Proteins