COVID-19 and hepatic involvement: The liver as a main actor of the pandemic novel

Scand J Immunol. 2021 Mar;93(3):e12977. doi: 10.1111/sji.12977. Epub 2020 Sep 26.

Abstract

In the natural history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, liver injury is frequent but quite mild and it is defined as any liver damage occurring during disease progression and treatment of infection in patients with or without pre-existing liver diseases. The underlying mechanisms for hepatic injury in patients with COVID-19 are still unclear but the liver damage in SARS-CoV-2 infection seems to be directly caused by virus-induced cytopathic effects. In this review, we will summarize all data of updated literature, regarding the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection, acute response and liver involvement. An overview will be given on liver injury, liver transplant and the possible consequences of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing liver diseases.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; cytokine storm syndrome; liver diseases; liver transplantation.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antiviral Agents / immunology
  • Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
  • COVID-19 / epidemiology
  • COVID-19 / immunology*
  • COVID-19 / virology
  • Cytokine Release Syndrome / immunology*
  • Cytokine Release Syndrome / metabolism
  • Cytokines / immunology
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Hepatocytes / immunology
  • Hepatocytes / metabolism
  • Hepatocytes / pathology
  • Humans
  • Liver / immunology*
  • Liver / pathology
  • Liver / physiopathology
  • Liver Diseases / immunology*
  • Liver Diseases / physiopathology
  • Liver Diseases / therapy
  • Pandemics / prevention & control
  • SARS-CoV-2 / drug effects
  • SARS-CoV-2 / immunology*
  • SARS-CoV-2 / physiology

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • Cytokines