A sensitive quantitative analysis of abiotically synthesized short homopeptides using ultraperformance liquid chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Eric T Parker; Megha Karki; Daniel P Glavin; Jason P Dworkin; Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461509

A sensitive quantitative analysis of abiotically synthesized short homopeptides using ultraperformance liquid chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry

J Chromatogr A. 2020 Aug 23:1630:461509. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461509. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Eric T Parker¹, Megha Karki², Daniel P Glavin¹, Jason P Dworkin³, Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy⁴

Affiliations

¹ NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Solar System Exploration Division, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States.
² Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
³ NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Solar System Exploration Division, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States. Electronic address: jason.p.dworkin@nasa.gov.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States. Electronic address: rkrishna@scripps.edu.

PMID: 32927393
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461509

Abstract

In the origins of life field understanding the abiotic polymerization of simple organic monomers (e.g., amino acids) into larger biomolecules (e.g., oligopeptides), remains a seminal challenge. Recently, preliminary observations showed a limited set of peptides formed in the presence of the plausible prebiotic phosphorylating agent, diamidophosphate (DAP), highlighting the need for an analytical tool to critically evaluate the ability of DAP to induce oligomerization of simple organics under aqueous conditions. However, performing accurate and precise, targeted analyses of short oligopeptides remains a distinct challenge in the analytical chemistry field. Here, we developed a new technique to detect and quantitate amino acids and their homopeptides in a single run using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection/time of flight mass spectrometry. Over an 8-minute retention time window, 18 target analytes were identified and quantitated, 16 of which were chromatographically separated at, or near baseline resolution. Compound identity was confirmed by accurate mass analysis using a 10 ppm mass tolerance window. This method featured limits of detection < 5 nM (< 1 fmol on column) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) <15 nM (< 3 fmol on column). The LODs and LOQs were upwards of ∼28x and ∼788x lower, respectively, than previous methods for the same analytes, highlighting the quantifiable advantages of this new method. Both detectors provided good quantitative linearity (R² > 0.985) for all analytes spanning concentration ranges ∼3 - 4 orders of magnitude. We performed a series of laboratory experiments to investigate DAP-mediated oligomerization of amino acids and peptides and analyzed experimental products with the new method. DAP readily polymerized amino acids and peptides under a range of simulated environmental conditions. This research underscores the potential of DAP to have generated oligopeptides on the primordial Earth, enhancing prebiotic chemical diversity and complexity at or near the origin of life.

Keywords: Diamidophosphate; Homopeptides; Pre-column derivatization; Time-of-flight mass spectrometry; Ultraperformance liquid chromatography.