Dihydrodibenzothiepine: Promising hydrophobic pharmacophore in the influenza cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor

Abstract

This work describes a set of discovery research studies of an influenza cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) inhibitor with a carbamoyl pyridone bicycle (CAB) scaffold. Using influenza CEN inhibitory activity, antiviral activity and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters as indices, structure activity relationships (SAR) studies were performed at the N-1 and N-3 positions on the CAB scaffold, which is a unique template to bind two metals. The hydrophobic substituent at the N-1 position is extremely important for CEN inhibitory activity and antiviral activity, and dihydrodibenzothiepine is the most promising pharmacophore. The compound (S)-13i showed potent virus titer reduction over oseltamivir phosphate in an in vivo mouse model. The CAB compound described herein served as the lead compound of baloxavir marboxil with a tricyclic scaffold, which was approved in Japan and the USA in 2018.

Keywords: Cap-dependent endonuclease; Carbamoyl pyridone; Chelator; Dihydrodibenzothiepine; Hydrophobic pharmacophore; Influenza.