Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is found to be associated with various comorbidities which include cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes. The impaired regulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has been seen in COVID-19 patients, but whether RAAS inhibitors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs), are responsible for worsening of clinical conditions remains unknown. Herein, we review the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in disease progression, its association with comorbidities and COVID-19, and summarize the clinical evidence for several potential directions for future research work on ACEIs/ARBs in COVID-19 patients.
Keywords:
ACE2; ACEIs; ARBs; COVID-19; comorbidities.
MeSH terms
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Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / adverse effects
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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / adverse effects
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Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
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Betacoronavirus / drug effects
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Betacoronavirus / pathogenicity*
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COVID-19
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COVID-19 Drug Treatment
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Comorbidity
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Coronavirus Infections / drug therapy
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Coronavirus Infections / enzymology
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Coronavirus Infections / virology*
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Host Microbial Interactions
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Humans
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Pandemics
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Patient Safety
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Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / metabolism*
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Pneumonia, Viral / drug therapy
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Pneumonia, Viral / enzymology
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Pneumonia, Viral / virology*
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Renin-Angiotensin System* / drug effects
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Risk Assessment
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Risk Factors
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SARS-CoV-2
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Severity of Illness Index
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Virus Internalization* / drug effects
Substances
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Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists
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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
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Antiviral Agents
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Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
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ACE2 protein, human
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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2