Potential of environmental concentrations of the musks galaxolide and tonalide to induce oxidative stress and genotoxicity in the marine environment

Friday O Ehiguese; Md Rushna Alam; Marina G Pintado-Herrera; Cristiano V M Araújo; M Laura Martin-Diaz

doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105019

Potential of environmental concentrations of the musks galaxolide and tonalide to induce oxidative stress and genotoxicity in the marine environment

Mar Environ Res. 2020 Sep:160:105019. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105019. Epub 2020 May 26.

Authors

Friday O Ehiguese¹, Md Rushna Alam², Marina G Pintado-Herrera³, Cristiano V M Araújo⁴, M Laura Martin-Diaz³

Affiliations

¹ Chemical Physics Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI.MAR), University of Cádiz, República Saharaui s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain. Electronic address: friday.ehiguese@alum.uca.es.
² Chemical Physics Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI.MAR), University of Cádiz, República Saharaui s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
³ Chemical Physics Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI.MAR), University of Cádiz, República Saharaui s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
⁴ Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.

PMID: 32907733
DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105019

Abstract

Polycyclic musk compounds have been identified in environmental matrices (water, sediment and air) and in biological tissues in the last decade, yet only minimal attention has been paid to their chronic toxicity in the marine environment. In the present research, the clams Ruditapes philippinarum were exposed to 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50 μg/L of the fragrances Galaxolide® (HHCB) and Tonalide® (AHTN) for 21 days. A battery of biomarkers related with xenobiotics biotransformation (EROD and GST), oxidative stress (GPx, GR and LPO) and genotoxicity (DNA damage) were measured in digestive gland tissues. HHCB and AHTN significantly (p < 0.05) induced EROD and GST enzymatic activities at environmental concentrations. Both fragrances also induced GPx activity. All concentrations of both compounds induced an increase of LPO and DNA damage on day 21. Although these substances have been reported as not acutely toxic, this study shows that they might induce oxidative stress and genotoxicity in marine organisms.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Chronic toxicity; Contaminants of emerging concern; Environmental risk assessment; Fragrances; Marine environment.

MeSH terms

Animals
Aquatic Organisms
Benzopyrans* / toxicity
DNA Damage*
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated* / toxicity
Oxidative Stress*
Tetrahydronaphthalenes
Water Pollutants, Chemical* / toxicity

Substances

Benzopyrans
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
Tetrahydronaphthalenes
Water Pollutants, Chemical
musk
galaxolide
acetyl methyl tetramethyl tetralin