Bovine anaplasmosis herd prevalence and management practices as risk-factors associated with herd disease status

Mark R Spare; Gregg A Hanzlicek; Kotie L Wootten; Gary A Anderson; Dan U Thomson; Michael W Sanderson; Roman R Ganta; Kathryn E Reif; Ram K Raghavan

doi:10.1016/j.vpoa.2019.100021

Bovine anaplasmosis herd prevalence and management practices as risk-factors associated with herd disease status

Vet Parasitol X. 2019 Dec 6:3:100021. doi: 10.1016/j.vpoa.2019.100021. eCollection 2020 May.

Authors

Mark R Spare¹, Gregg A Hanzlicek¹, Kotie L Wootten¹, Gary A Anderson¹, Dan U Thomson¹, Michael W Sanderson¹, Roman R Ganta¹, Kathryn E Reif¹, Ram K Raghavan¹

Affiliation

¹ Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1200 Denison Ave. Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.

Abstract

Bovine anaplasmosis is a hemolytic disease of cattle caused by Anaplasma marginale which can cause anemia, adult mortality, abortion, and performance reduction. The objectives of this study were to estimate herd-level infection prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis in Kansas cow-calf herds and assess management practices associated with herd infection status. Licensed Kansas veterinarians were randomly selected and provided clientele to generate randomly selected participant herds. Blood samples were collected from 10 mature cows during processing of 925 herds between October 1, 2016 and March 1, 2017. A management survey was completed by 780 herd-owners. Sample status was determined by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA); operations indicating vaccination for anaplasmosis were tested with A.marginale-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Survey data underwent logistic regression analysis for calculation of odds ratios and confidence intervals. The herd-level prevalence was 52.5 % of cow-calf herds. Prevalence ranged from 19.1 % of herds in Western Kansas to 87.3 % of herds in Eastern Kansas. Vaccinated herds were more likely (OR = 2.38; CI = 1.16-4.85; p = 0.02) to be positive compared to non-vaccinated herds, and herds that utilized insecticide ear-tags were more likely to be positive (OR = 1.9; CI = 1.42-2.55; p < 0.01) compared to herds which do not. Operations that prescribe-burned 21-50 % and >50 % of their pastures were more likely to be test positive, OR = 5.74 (CI = 3 .14-10.51; p < 0.01) and OR = 4.78 (CI = 2.33-10.17; p < 0.01), respectively, than operations that prescribe-burned <20 % of their pastures. In summary, anaplasmosis is present across Kansas beef herds at varied prevalence levels and selected management practices were found to be associated with herd infection status.

Keywords: Anaplasmosis; Antibiotics; CI, confidence interval; Cattle; Epidemiology; Herd-health; OR, odds ratio; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; Prevalence; Serology; Survey; Tick-borne; Vector-borne; cELISA, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.