Exploring substance use disorders and relapse in Mauritian male addicts

Shalina Ramsewak; Manish Putteeraj; Jhoti Somanah

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04731

Exploring substance use disorders and relapse in Mauritian male addicts

Heliyon. 2020 Aug 18;6(8):e04731. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04731. eCollection 2020 Aug.

Authors

Shalina Ramsewak¹, Manish Putteeraj², Jhoti Somanah²

Affiliations

¹ Psychiatry Department, Dr A.G. Jeetoo Hospital, Port-Louis, Mauritius.
² School of Health Sciences, La Tour Koeing, Point aux Sables, 11108, University of Technology, Mauritius.

Abstract

Background: Substance Use Disorder (SUD) places a heavy burden on societal and health systems given its association with high mortality and morbidity rates worldwide, including Mauritius. Illicit substances act as a positive reinforcement and stimulate addiction through its pleasure-seeking attributes.

Aim: This study focused on identifying the risk factors leading to SUD among Mauritian male addicts as well as examining the potency of those factors in SUD development. The study also aimed at determining the prevalence of relapse and its causation.

Research setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of six months using a sample of 180 male addicts registered in a public hospital. A questionnaire investigating dimensions such as risk factors, self-esteem and peer pressure was administered.

Findings: A high percentage of relapse was noted amongst users within the first year of abstinence. Majority of respondents originated from nuclear or single parents' family and were deprived of adequate social supports given their marital status. 57.5% of participants had a positive family history of SUD. Cannabis was the most commonly abused substance and 76.2% of the addicts were introduced to drugs through curiosity. Transposing the results against the Gateway Drug Theory showed a constant progression from soft to hard drugs for male addicts, a trend which was consistent with literature. Lastly, a theoretical model was developed based on the strong statistical association found between impulsivity and reduced thought processes prior to relapse; data revealing increased impulsivity which is a common trait in antisocial personality disorder and borderline personality disorder as being largely responsible for relapse.

Conclusion: The study was successful in bringing out the most common risk factors of SUDs which are linked to low socioeconomic status. The inability of addicts to progress with their rehabilitation given the alarming 92% of relapse was related to social pressure as prime deterrent to successful remission. Programmes involving relapse prevention must implemented in the first year of abstinence to facilitate rehabilitation.

Keywords: Clinical psychology; Gateway drug theory; Psychology; Relapse; Risk factors; Substance use disorder (SUD).