Cancer SLC43A2 alters T cell methionine metabolism and histone methylation

Nature. 2020 Sep;585(7824):277-282. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2682-1. Epub 2020 Sep 2.

Abstract

Abnormal epigenetic patterns correlate with effector T cell malfunction in tumours1-4, but the cause of this link is unknown. Here we show that tumour cells disrupt methionine metabolism in CD8+ T cells, thereby lowering intracellular levels of methionine and the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and resulting in loss of dimethylation at lysine 79 of histone H3 (H3K79me2). Loss of H3K79me2 led to low expression of STAT5 and impaired T cell immunity. Mechanistically, tumour cells avidly consumed methionine and outcompeted T cells for methionine by expressing high levels of the methionine transporter SLC43A2. Genetic and biochemical inhibition of tumour SLC43A2 restored H3K79me2 in T cells, thereby boosting spontaneous and checkpoint-induced tumour immunity. Moreover, methionine supplementation improved the expression of H3K79me2 and STAT5 in T cells, and this was accompanied by increased T cell immunity in tumour-bearing mice and patients with colon cancer. Clinically, tumour SLC43A2 correlated negatively with T cell histone methylation and functional gene signatures. Our results identify a mechanistic connection between methionine metabolism, histone patterns, and T cell immunity in the tumour microenvironment. Thus, cancer methionine consumption is an immune evasion mechanism, and targeting cancer methionine signalling may provide an immunotherapeutic approach.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Transport System L / deficiency
  • Amino Acid Transport System L / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / cytology
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / metabolism*
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Epigenesis, Genetic
  • Female
  • Histones / chemistry
  • Histones / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Methionine / metabolism*
  • Methylation*
  • Mice
  • Neoplasms / genetics
  • Neoplasms / immunology
  • Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Neoplasms / pathology
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / metabolism
  • STAT5 Transcription Factor / metabolism

Substances

  • Amino Acid Transport System L
  • Histones
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
  • STAT5 Transcription Factor
  • Slc43a2 protein, mouse
  • Methionine