Sluggish conversion reactions severely impair the rate capability for lithium storage, which is the main disadvantage of the conversion-type anode materials. Here, the microplatform based on a single microelectrode is designed and utilized for the fundamental understanding of the conversion reaction. The kinetic-favorable layered structure of the anode material is on-site synthesized in the microplatform. The in situ characterization reveals that introducing an oxygen network distortion in the layered oxide anode effectively circumvents the severe passivation of the electrode material by lithium oxide, thus leading to highly reversible conversion reactions. As a result, the high-rate capability of the conversion-type anode materials is realized. The on-site synthesis strategy is further applied in the large-scale synthesis of nanomaterials for lithium-ion batteries. As such, oxide nanorods with the layered structure are synthesized by a facile chemical strategy, showing high rate performance (574 mAh g-1 at 10 A g-1). This work unveils the beneficial effect of oxygen network distortion in the layered anode for conversion reactions over cycling, thus providing an alternative strategy to enhance the rate capability of conversion-type anodes for lithium storage.
Keywords: conversion-type anodes; high-rate anode materials; in situ/operando characterization; layered materials; microscale platform.