Consuming a lower acid (and particularly lower phosphate) diet and/or supplementing the diet with base precursors, such as bicarbonate, might have a number of mitigating effects on the aging process. These include: (1) slowing progression of fibrosis by reduction of high endogenous acid production to preserve net acid excretion and minimize the degree of systemic acidosis; (2) avoiding the downregulation of klotho, a membrane and soluble factor associated with aging. Klotho declines when constant high dietary phosphate intake leads to an increase in FGF23 production; and (3) increasing activity of the enzyme telomerase, an important factor in maintaining telomere length, another factor associated with longer lifespan. Current evidence is based on studies in invertebrate and small animal models. These results, and extrapolations of associated human studies, suggest that low acid-producing diets, or neutralization of the low grade metabolic acidosis seen in humans with age-related renal dysfunction could potentially lead to a longer, healthier lifespan.