Objective: To analyze clinical features, prognosis and risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) associated pulmonary hypertension (PH). Methods: Clinical data of 338 infants with BPD were collected from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University between January 2016 and December 2018. These infants were divided into PH group and non-PH group. The clinical features and prognosis were compared between these two groups by Chi-square test or nonparametric test. Risk factors for BPD-PH were analyzed with binary logistic regression model. Results: Among the 338 BPD infants, 314 had no PH (92.9%) and 24 had PH (7.1%), with an average gestational age of (27.1±1.8) weeks, and 206 were males and 132 females.PH infants had younger gestational age ((26.4±2.1) vs. (27.2±1.7) weeks, t=2.201, P=0.028) and lower birth weight ((798±255) vs. (1 003±240) g, t=4.030, P<0.01), compared to non-PH infants. Besides, duration of mechanical ventilation and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation were higher in PH group than that in non-PH group (14.3 (2.1, 43.7) vs. 0.5 (0, 4.7) d, Z=-4.553, P<0.01; 30.0 (22.5, 64.2) vs. 15.0 (7.0, 26.0) d, Z=-4.838, P<0.01). The proportions of maternal hypertension, small for gestational age (SGA), late onset sepsis, ventilator associated pneumonia, hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) requiring ligation, severe BPD and severe extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) were higher in PH group than those in non-PH group ((20.8% (5/24) vs. 6.4% (20/314), 33.3% (8/24) vs. 7.6% (24/314), 54.2% (13/24) vs. 7.3% (23/314), 25.0% (6/24) vs. 6.1% (19/314), 75.0% (18/24) vs. 39.2% (123/314), 45.8% (11/24) vs. 1.9% (6/314), 66.7% (16/24) vs. 7.3% (23/314), 75.0% (18/24) vs. 45.5% (143/314), all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that maternal hypertension (OR=12.950, 95%CI: 1.740-96.385), severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR=10.160, 95%CI: 2.725-37.884), SGA (OR=4.992, 95%CI: 1.432-16.920), PDA requiring ligation (OR=19.802, 95%CI: 3.297-118.921), severe EUGR (OR=20.316, 95%CI: 2.221-185.853) were independent risk factors of BPD associated PH. In the 24 infants with PH, all 7 mild PH infants and 8 moderate PH infants survived, while 4 out of 9 severe PH infants died. Among the survivors, the longest duration of oxygen therapy was up to the corrected gestational age of 1 year and 2 months. Conclusions: PH is a severe complication of BPD, and associated with higher mortality and poor prognosis. Echocardiography screening and regular post-discharge follow up are recommended for BPD infants with risk factors of PH.
目的： 回顾性分析支气管肺发育不良（BPD）伴肺动脉高压（PH）的临床特点及转归，并分析其高危因素。 方法： 采用回顾性病例对照研究，纳入南方医科大学附属深圳妇幼保健院新生儿重症监护病房2016年1月至2018年12月收治的所有338例BPD患儿的临床资料。根据是否伴发PH分为BPD无PH组和BPD伴PH组，采用χ(2)检验、非参数检验分析两组的临床特点及转归；构建二分类Logistic回归模型分析BPD伴PH的危险因素。 结果： 338例BPD患儿中无PH组314例（92.9%）、伴PH组24例（7.1%）；出生胎龄为（27.1±1.8）周，其中男206例、女132例。BPD伴PH组患儿出生胎龄和体重均低于无PH组[（26.4±2.1）比（27.2±1.7）周、（798±255）比（1 003±240）g,t=2.201、4.030,P=0.028、<0.01]，住院期间有创机械通气时间、无创辅助通气时间均高于无PH组[14.3(2.1,43.7）比0.5(0,4.7)d，30.0(22.5, 64.2）比15.0(7.0,26.0)d，Z=-4.838、-4.553,P均<0.01];BPD伴PH组母亲妊娠期高血压、小于胎龄（SGA)、晚发型败血症、呼吸机相关性肺炎、有血流动力学影响的动脉导管未闭（hsPDA）、需手术结扎的PDA、重度BPD、严重宫外生长发育迟缓（EUGR）发生率均高于无PH组[20.8% (5/24）比6.4%(20/314)、33.3% (8/24）比7.6%(24/314)、54.2%(13/24）比7.3%(23/314)、25.0%(6/24）比6.1% (19/314)、75.0%(18/24）比39.2%(123/314)、45.8%(11/24）比1.9%(6/314)、66.7%(16/24）比7.3%(23/314),75.0%(18/24）比45.5%(143/314),P均<0.05]。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示母亲妊娠期高血压（OR=12.950，95%CI：1.740~96.385)，重度BPD(OR=10.160，95%CI：2.725~37.884)，SGA(OR=4.992，95%CI：1.432~16.920)，需要手术结扎的PDA(OR=19.802，95%CI：3.297~118.921)，严重EUGR(OR=20.316，95%CI：2.221~185.853）是BPD伴PH发生的独立危险因素。24例PH患儿中轻度7例、中度8例均存活，重度9例中4例死亡，存活PH患儿中最晚校正年龄1岁2月龄脱离吸氧。 结论： PH是BPD的严重并发症,伴随着高病死率,建议具有高危因素的BPD患儿应定期筛查心脏超声，出院后定期随访。.
Keywords: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Hypertension,pulmonary; Infant, extremely low birth weight; Infant, very low birth weight; Premature birth; Risk factors.