(1) Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the major treatments for non-small cell lung cancer, but RT-associated toxicities usually impede its anticancer effect. Nutrient supplementation has been applied for cancer prevention or a complementary measure to anticancer therapy. Here, we explored the influence of total nutrition supplementation before and after cancer occurrence on the anticancer benefit and side effects of RT. (2) Methods: C57BL/6JNarl mice were inoculated with Lewis lung carcinoma cells and then treated with radiotherapy. TNuF, a total nutrition formula, was prescribed by oral gavage. In the preventive groups, TNuF supplementation started from seven days before tumor inoculation. In the complementary groups, TNuF supplementation began after tumor inoculation. (3) Results: TNuF successfully enhanced the anticancer effect of RT against primary tumor and lung metastasis. Additionally, the complementary supplement improved the high serum TNF-α level and the wasting of sartorius muscle in mice receiving RT. In histologic and molecular analysis, TNuF was observed to modulate EGFR, apoptosis, and VEGF and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways. Furthermore, the anticancer benefit of the preventive supplement was comparable to that of the complementary administration. (4) Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that the prescription of the TNuF total nutrition formula before and after cancer diagnosis attains similar benefits in testing subjects with typical anticancer RT. TNuF is also a potential sensitizer to anti-PD-1 immune therapy.
Keywords: Bcl-2; EGFR; PD-L1; VEGF; inflammation; lung cancer; nutrition; preventive supplement; radiotherapy; sarcopenia.