Objective: To explore the correlation among gingival thickness (GT), underlying alveolar bone thickness (BT), and other periodontal biotype characteristics in the maxillary anterior.
Methods: A total of 40 young volunteers with healthy periodontal were involved in this research. The periodontal probe was previously used to divide the gingiva from thick to thin. Two records were measured by cone beam CT (CBCT) GT, which was measured at the cement-enamel junction level; and BT, which was measured at 3 locations: 1, 3, 5 mm below the alveolar crest. Oral and gypsum measurements were used to analyze the associations of the crown width/crown length ratio (CW/CL), the keratinized mucosa width (KM), and the free gingival margin curvature.
Results: Significant difference in the GT was observed between the thick and thin biotypes, which were divided by periodontal probe (P<0.01). Difference was observed in each periodontal biotype characteristic between the thick (GT≥1 mm) and thin biotypes (GT<1 mm) (P<0.05). BT was positively associated with GT (r=0.293, P=0.001), CW/CL (r=0.273, P=0.003), KM (r=0.291, P=0.001), and free gingival margin curvature (r=0.290, P=0.001).
Conclusions: The transparency of the probing in the sulcus could analyze the GT qualitatively. The thick and thin biotypes have different periodontal biotype characteristics. Compared with individuals with thick biotype, those with thin biotype are susceptible to risk dental aesthetic.
目的 运用锥形束CT测量上颌前牙唇侧牙龈厚度与唇侧牙槽骨厚度，通过口内及模型测量牙冠宽长比、角化龈宽度、游离龈缘曲度，分析各牙周生物型特征之间的相关性。方法 选取40位牙周健康的青年志愿者，运用牙周探诊法预先判断受试牙位的牙龈厚薄，运用锥形束CT间接显影方法测量受试者上颌前牙区唇侧釉牙骨质界处牙龈厚度，以及牙槽嵴顶根方1、3、5 mm处牙槽骨厚度，通过口内及模型测量牙冠宽长比、附着龈宽度及游离龈缘曲度。结果 牙周探诊法区分的厚龈型与薄龈型间牙龈厚度的差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。厚龈型（牙龈厚度≥1 mm）与薄龈型（牙龈厚度<1 mm）相应的牙周生物型特征之间的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。上颌前牙唇侧牙龈厚度与牙槽骨厚度呈正相关（r=0.293，P=0.001），与牙冠宽长比呈正相关（r=0.273，P=0.003），与角化龈宽度呈正相关（r=0.291，P=0.001），与游离龈缘曲度呈正相关（r=0.290，P=0.001）。结论 牙周探诊法可用于对牙龈厚薄的快速判断，不同牙周生物型在软硬组织厚度及形态上有差异，相对于厚龈型，薄龈型治疗的美学风险更大。.
Keywords: bone thickness; gingival thickness; oral implantology; periodontal biotype.