Evaluation of Cell Lines for the Isolation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus and Other Viruses Causing Vesicular Disease

Abstract

The most sensitive cell culture system for the isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is primary bovine thyroid (BTY) cells. However, BTY cells are seldom used because of the challenges associated with sourcing thyroids from FMDV-negative calves (particularly in FMD endemic countries), and the costs and time required to regularly prepare batches of cells. Two continuous cell lines, a fetal goat tongue cell line (ZZ-R 127) and a fetal porcine kidney cell line (LFBK-α_Vβ₆), have been shown to be highly sensitive to FMDV. Here, we assessed the sensitivity of ZZ-R 127 and LFBK-α_Vβ₆ cells relative to primary BTY cells by titrating a range of FMDV original samples and isolates. Both the ZZ-R 127 and LFBK-α_Vβ₆ cells were susceptible to FMDV for >100 passages, and there were no significant differences in sensitivity relative to primary BTY cells. Notably, the LFBK-α_Vβ₆ cell line was highly sensitive to the O/CATHAY porcine-adapted FMDV strain. These results support the use of ZZ-R 127 and LFBK-α_Vβ₆ as sensitive alternatives to BTY cells for the isolation of FMDV, and highlight the use of LFBK-α_Vβ₆ cells as an additional tool for the isolation of porcinophilic viruses.

Keywords: cell line; diagnosis; foot-and-mouth disease virus; vesicular viruses; virus isolation.