In situ, high-resolution measurement of labile phosphate in sediment porewater using the DET technique coupled with optimized imaging densitometry

Abstract

Obtaining two-dimensional distributions of reactive phosphorus in sediment porewater is very important for understanding fine-scale phosphorus mobilization and sequestration processes in sediments. In this study, the diffusive equilibrium in thin films (DET) measurement based on computer imaging densitometry (CID) was studied in detail with optimal conditions described. This study focuses on evaluating the two-dimensional colorimetric DET method coupled with CID (DET-CID method) for porewater labile phosphate measurements. The result shows that the red channel filter is the optimum channel for sensitivity to process the image. Additionally, staining time and temperature have great influence on the method, and 20 min staining time and ≥25 °C staining temperature were recommended. The minimum detection limit of labile phosphate of this method was 0.300 mg P/L, and the maximum detection limit could reach 50.00 mg P/L. The DET-CID technique can be used to measure labile phosphate in a wide range of acidic and alkaline water bodies (pH = 2-10 and water hardness from 0 to 2000 mg/L as CaCO₃). The linear regression analysis shows that this technique presents very similar results compared with other two existing methods (R² = 0.999). Our results would give insights into the precisely measurements of labile phosphate in field applications.

Keywords: Colorimetric DET; Sediment porewater; Solubility reactive phosphorus; Two-dimensional distribution; pH and water hardness.