Erector Spinae Plane Block in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Is There a Difference? A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background: The ultrasound (US)-guided erector spinae plane (ESP) block and oblique subcostal transversus abdominis plane (OSTAP) block are used to decrease postoperative pain and subsequently opioids consumption.

Aim: The aim was to test the hypothesis that US-guided ESP blocks can produce more reduction in opioid usage during the first 24 h after laparoscopic cholecystectomy when compared to OSTAP block.

Settings and design: Seventy adult patients (20-60 years old) who were planned to undergo elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were allocated in three groups in randomized controlled trial.

Materials and methods: The three groups received either port site infiltration, US-guided bilateral ESP block (ESP group), or OSTAP (OSTAP group) with bupivacaine hydrochloride 0.25%.

Statistical analysis: Postoperative 24 h Morphine consumption, visual analogue scale (VAS), the intraoperative fentanyl (μg) and equivalent morphine dose in the recovery unit were recorded and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.

Results: The mean 24-h morphine consumption was statistically significant between groups (P < 0.001), but it was insignificant between ESP and OSTAP (P = 0.173). Median (range) and interquartile range of intraoperatively consumed fentanyl showed significance between the three groups (P < 0.001). There was insignificance between ESP block Group II and OSTAP block Group III (P = 0.95) by post hoc analysis. The mean values of VAS at both rest and movement of the control group were significantly higher than the ESP block group at 6 and 12 h postoperative.

Conclusion: Bilateral US-guided ESP block was found to be as effective as bilateral US OSTAP block. There was more decrease in intraoperative rescue fentanyl, PACU morphine analgesia, 24-h morphine, and pain assessment score in both groups than the control port-site infiltration group.Clinical trial registration number: NCT03398564.

Keywords: Analgesia; erector spinae plane block; morphine consumption; oblique subcostal transversus abdominis plane.