Background: Regional citrate anticoagulation has been recommended as first choice for anticoagulation of continuous renal replacement therapy. Precise calcium supplementation is important for the safety of regional citrate anticoagulation. In this study we aimed to provide an optimized calcium supplementation approach for regional citrate anticoagulation in post-dilution continuous venous-venous hemodiafiltration.
Methods: Twenty-seven patients receiving post-dilution continuous venous-venous hemodiafiltration anticoagulated by citrate were included in this study. The ionized calcium levels were monitored and maintained in the targeted range. After linear regression analysis of the clearance of non-protein bound calcium and calculating the ratio of the non-protein bound calcium concentration to total calcium concentration, we concluded the mathematical model for calcium supplementation.
Results: Positive correlations were found between the clearance of non-protein bound calcium and both dialysate flow rates (r = 0.647, p < 0.001) and ultrafiltration plus substitution fluid flow rates (r = 0.525, p = 0.005). The ratio of the non-protein bound calcium concentration to total calcium concentration values at the pre-filter point after infusion of citrate were constant about 0.83. Based on the clearance and the calcium ratio, the amount of extracorporeal calcium removal can be estimated with a simplified equation.
Conclusions: We provided an optimized calcium supplementation approach for post-dilution continuous venous-venous hemodiafiltration anticoagulated by citrate which may help to estimate the amount of extracorporeal circuit removal of calcium with regard to different dosages of regional citrate anticoagulation.
Keywords: Continuous venous-venous hemodiafiltration; calcium; clearance; hypocalcemia; regional citrate anticoagulation.