Objective: To assess the extent to which spiritual well-being moderates the relationship between anxiety and physical well-being in a diverse, community-based cohort of newly diagnosed cancer survivors.
Methods: Data originated from the Measuring Your Health (MY-Health) study cohort (n = 5506), comprising people assessed within 6-13 months of cancer diagnosis. Life meaning/peace was assessed using the 8-item subscale of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp-12). Anxiety was measured with an 11-item PROMIS Anxiety short form, and physical well-being was assessed using the 7-item FACT-G subscale. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess relationships among variables.
Results: Life meaning and peace was negatively associated with anxiety, b = -0.56 (P < .001) and positively associated with physical well-being, b = 0.43 (P = <.001) after adjusting for race, education, income, and age. A significant interaction between life meaning/peace and anxiety emerged (P < .001) indicating that spiritual well-being moderates the relationship between anxiety and physical well-being. Specifically, for cancer survivors high in anxiety, physical well-being was dependent on levels of life meaning/peace, b = 0.19, P < .001. For those low in anxiety, physical well-being was not associated with levels of life meaning/peace, b = 0.01, P = .541. Differences in cancer clinical factors (cancer stage at diagnosis, cancer type) did not significantly impact results.
Conclusions: Further research is needed to assess how spiritual well-being may buffer the negative effect of anxiety on physical well-being. A clinical focus on spiritual well-being topics such as peace and life meaning may help cancer survivors of all types as they transition into follow-up care.
Keywords: anxiety; cancer; mental health; oncology; physical well-being; psycho-oncology; spirituality; survivorship.
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.