A pilot randomized controlled trial to assess the effect of Islamic spiritual intervention and of breathing technique with heart rate variability feedback on anxiety, depression and psycho-physiologic coherence in patients after coronary artery bypass surgery

Mohiadin Amjadian; Hadi Bahrami Ehsan; Kaivan Saboni; Siamak Vahedi; Reza Rostami; Daem Roshani

doi:10.1186/s12991-020-00296-1

A pilot randomized controlled trial to assess the effect of Islamic spiritual intervention and of breathing technique with heart rate variability feedback on anxiety, depression and psycho-physiologic coherence in patients after coronary artery bypass surgery

Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2020 Aug 13:19:46. doi: 10.1186/s12991-020-00296-1. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Mohiadin Amjadian¹, Hadi Bahrami Ehsan², Kaivan Saboni³, Siamak Vahedi⁴, Reza Rostami², Daem Roshani^{5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Clinical Psychology Department, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
² Psychology Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
³ Surgery Department, Medical Sciences University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
⁴ Cardiology Department, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
⁵ Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
⁶ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical School, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

Abstract

Background: This study investigated the effects of Islamic religious and breathing techniques with heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback therapies on HRV and psycho-physiologic coherence (resonance frequency), depression and anxiety in coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) patients.

Methods: Sixty CABG patients were chosen and randomly assigned to religious, breathing techniques and control groups. The experimental groups received 8 weeks of treatments; a 2-h session with home works in each week. The control group received only their normal hospital interventions. The groups' depression, anxiety, HRV and psycho-physiologic coherence levels were assessed before and after the interventions by DASS-21 for depression and anxiety, and em-wave desktop software for HRV and psycho-physiologic coherence. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA with Bonferroni Comparison test and descriptive tests in SPSS software.

Results: The findings showed that there were significant differences in psycho-physiologic coherence (HRV), depression and anxiety scores among the three groups in the post-tests. In fact, depression and anxiety were reduced more in the religious group, while psycho-physiologic coherence raised more in the breathing with the HRV feedback group.

Conclusion: The results showed that both Islamic religious and breathing techniques with HRV biofeedback therapies can be used in rehabilitation programs for CABG patients in clinics and hospitals.

Keywords: Anxiety; Breathing techniques; Depression; HRV biofeedback; Islamic-religious (spiritual) therapy; Psycho-physiologic coherence.