Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an emerging disease in the pediatric population. The association between T2DM and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been described. Recent evidence suggests that sizes and composition of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) may be more important that HDL-C levels in predicting coronary heart disease. There is not data regarding the HDL subclasses distribution and composition in T2DM youths with NAFLD.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 47 adolescents with T2DM and 23 non-diabetic controls of both sexes aged 10 to 18 years. The presence of NAFLD was determined estimated proton density fat fraction (PDFF) by magnetic resonance by spectroscopy. We compared the HDL subclasses distribution (HDL2b, HDL2a, HDL3a HDL3b and HDL3c) and the HDL chemical composition (total protein, triglyceride, phospholipid, cholesteryl esters, and free cholesterol) between the groups of adolescents with T2DM and the control group.
Results: Patients with T2DM and NAFLD had a significantly lower proportion HDL2b (P = .040) and a higher proportion of HDL3c (P = .035); higher proportion of TG (P = .032) and a lower CE (P = .002) and FC (P < .001). A negative association was observed between PDFF and the percentages of HDL2b (r2 = -0.341, P = .004) and the average particle size (r2 = -0.327, P = .05), and a positive association with HDL3c subpopulations (r2 = 0.327, P = .015); about composition inside HDL particle, a positive association with PDFF and the TG (r2 = 0.299, P = .013) and negative with CE (r2 = -0.265, P = .030).
Conclusions: In adolescents diagnosed with T2DM, the presence of NAFLD is associated with abnormalities in the distribution of HDL subpopulations and the lipid composition of HDL particles.
Keywords: HDL subclasses; adolescents; lipid composition; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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