Interatrial block and cognitive impairment in the BAYES prospective registry

Abstract

Background: An association between interatrial block (IAB) (P wave duration ≥120 ms) and dementia has been suggested. Our objective was to assess the association of IAB with cognitive impairment (CI).

Methods: The prospective BAYES registry included 552 patients ≥70 years with structural heart disease without documented atrial fibrillation. Cognitive ability was assessed at baseline and every 6 months with the Pfeiffer test. The median follow-up was 22 months.

Results: Thirty patients (5.4%) had baseline CI, 20 patients with mild CI and 10 with moderate CI. Compared to patients without CI, patients with CI had higher mean age (80.4 ± 6.5 vs. 76.8 ± 5.4 years) and higher prevalence of advanced IAB (with biphasic P-wave ± in inferior leads) (14 [46.7%] vs. 122 [23.4%], p < .01). The prevalence of baseline CI was 2.7% in normal P-wave, 5.1% in partial IAB, and 10.3% in advanced IAB, p < .001. Advanced IAB was independently associated with baseline CI (odds ratio 4.9, 95% confidence interval 1.4-16.5), this was not the case with partial IAB (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 0.5-7.4). The independent association with CI at follow-up existed both for partial IAB (hazard ratio 1.98, 95% confidence interval 1.18-3.33) and advanced IAB (hazard ratio 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.19-3.51).

Conclusion: In patients aged 70 years or more with structural heart disease who are in sinus rhythm advanced IAB is associated with baseline CI. There is also an association of partial and advanced IAB with CI during follow-up.

Keywords: Atrial fibrillation; Bayés syndrome; Cognitive impairment; Dementia; Interatrial block.