The syndrome of hemolysis with a microangiopathic blood smear, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets in pregnant and postpartum patients is more commonly known by the acronym HELLP syndrome. It may represent a complication or progression of severe preeclampsia; however, this relationship has been challenged by recent evidence that they may be separate disorders as preceding hypertension or proteinuria is absent in at least 15 to 20% of patients with HELLP syndrome. A previous history of preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome can lead to recurrence in subsequent pregnancies.
Multiparity and age may contribute to increased risk. Genetic association for increased predisposition for HELLP syndrome has been noted. It has been recently reported that patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy have an increased risk for preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.
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