Graphitic carbon nitride-based materials in activating persulfate for aqueous organic pollutants degradation: A review on materials design and mechanisms

Abstract

With the increasingly serious water environment problem, the persulfate-based advanced oxidation process (PS-AOP) has attracted considerable attention in water pollution treatment. To date, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has been greatly favored by researchers in activating PS for its capability and unique superiorities. Though g-C₃N₄-based PS-AOP exhibits huge development prospects in removing organic pollutants, the review about its research progress has not been reported. Herein, this paper reviews the modification of g-C₃N₄ on the basis of its applications and properties for PS activation systematically. The activation mechanisms of g-C₃N₄-based modified materials are analyzed in detail, and the main formation pathways of radicals and non-radicals and their interaction mechanism with pollutants are thoroughly summarized. Finally, the existing challenges and future development directions of the PS-AOP driven by g-C₃N₄-based materials are critically discussed. The key purpose is to provide a reference for promoting the further popularization of this novel and efficient cooperative AOP in water purification industries, as well as multidisciplinary inspirations for g-C₃N₄-involved fields.

Keywords: Activation mechanism; Graphitic carbon nitride; Organic pollutants; Persulfate; Photocatalysis.