Point-of-care nerve conduction device predicts the severity of diabetic polyneuropathy: A quantitative, but easy-to-use, prediction model

Abstract

Aims/introduction: A gold standard in the diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a nerve conduction study. However, as a nerve conduction study requires expensive equipment and well-trained technicians, it is largely avoided when diagnosing DPN in clinical settings. Here, we validated a novel diagnostic method for DPN using a point-of-care nerve conduction device as an alternative way of diagnosis using a standard electromyography system.

Materials and methods: We used a multiple regression analysis to examine associations of nerve conduction parameters obtained from the device, DPNCheck™, with the severity of DPN categorized by the Baba classification among 375 participants with type 2 diabetes. A nerve conduction study using a conventional electromyography system was implemented to differentiate the severity in the Baba classification. The diagnostic properties of the device were evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results: A multiple regression model to predict the severity of DPN was generated using sural nerve conduction data obtained from the device as follows: the severity of DPN = 2.046 + 0.509 × ln(age [years]) - 0.033 × (nerve conduction velocity [m/s]) - 0.622 × ln(amplitude of sensory nerve action potential [µV]), r = 0.649. Using a cut-off value of 1.3065 in the model, moderate-to-severe DPN was effectively diagnosed (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.871, sensitivity 70.1%, specificity 87.7%, positive predictive value 83.0%, negative predictive value 77.3%, positive likelihood ratio 5.67, negative likelihood ratio 0.34).

Conclusions: Nerve conduction parameters in the sural nerve acquired by the handheld device successfully predict the severity of DPN.

Keywords: Diabetic neuropathies; Electromyography; Point-of-care testing.