Key MicroRNA's and Their Targetome in Adrenocortical Cancer

Marthe Chehade; Martyn Bullock; Anthony Glover; Gyorgy Hutvagner; Stan Sidhu

doi:10.3390/cancers12082198

Key MicroRNA's and Their Targetome in Adrenocortical Cancer

Cancers (Basel). 2020 Aug 6;12(8):2198. doi: 10.3390/cancers12082198.

Authors

Marthe Chehade^{1

2}, Martyn Bullock^{1

2}, Anthony Glover^{1

2

3}, Gyorgy Hutvagner⁴, Stan Sidhu^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
² Sydney Medical School Northern, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia.
³ Endocrine Surgery Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, St. Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
⁴ School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.

Abstract

Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis and limited response to available systemic therapies. Although complete surgical resection gives the best chance for long-term survival, ACC has a two-year recurrence rate of 50%, which poses a therapeutic challenge. High throughput analyses focused on characterizing the molecular signature of ACC have revealed specific micro-RNAs (miRNAs) that are associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by inhibiting mRNA translation or degrading mRNA transcripts and have been generally implicated in carcinogenesis. This review summarizes the current insights into dysregulated miRNAs in ACC tumorigenesis, their known functions, and specific targetomes. In addition, we explore the possibility of particular miRNAs to be exploited as clinical biomarkers in ACC and as potential therapeutics.

Keywords: adrenocortical carcinoma; micro RNA; non-coding RNA.

Publication types

Review