Accumulation and depuration of dissolved hexavalent chromium and effects on the antioxidant response in bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis)

Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2020 Nov:80:103465. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103465. Epub 2020 Aug 6.

Abstract

The present study investigated the accumulation and depuration effects of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) in ten tissues (gills, intestines, liver, kidney, blood, heart, bladder, spleen, skin and muscle) of the bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis). Fish were exposed to graded levels of waterborne Cr6+ (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 5 mg/L) for 4, 7 and 14 days, and subsequently transferred to Cr6+-free water for 14 days. After 14-day exposure, a dose-dependent increase of Cr6+ has been observed in most tissues. While after 14-day depuration, Cr6+ contents were significantly decreased in various tissues except in kidney and spleen where Cr6+ contents significantly increased at the group of 5 mg/L. Considering that Cr6+ highly accumulated in gills, intestines, liver and kidney, the oxidative damage of Cr6+ on the four tissues were further investigated and found that the antioxidant response to Cr6+ were organ-specific. The results in this study indicated that a 14-day period is effective for accumulation and depuration of Cr6+ in bighead carp and there was no health risk of fish muscle consumption. Additionally, the delayed efflux of Cr6+ in the fish kidney and spleen indicates that high importance should be attached to them when evaluating the toxic effects and risk assessments of Cr6+.

Keywords: Antioxidant response; Aristichthys nobilis; Distribution; Hexavalent chromium; Toxicity.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Animals
  • Carps / metabolism*
  • Child
  • Chromium / pharmacokinetics*
  • Chromium / toxicity*
  • Dietary Exposure
  • Gills / drug effects
  • Gills / metabolism
  • Glutathione / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Intestinal Mucosa / drug effects
  • Intestinal Mucosa / metabolism
  • Kidney / drug effects
  • Kidney / metabolism
  • Liver / drug effects
  • Liver / metabolism
  • Malondialdehyde / metabolism
  • Risk Assessment
  • Tissue Distribution
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / pharmacokinetics*
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / toxicity*

Substances

  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • Chromium
  • chromium hexavalent ion
  • Malondialdehyde
  • Glutathione