Evaluation of Microbiological Contamination of Dummies Used in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Korea

Abstract

Objectives: In order to prevent infections through dummies used during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) training, we analyzed the microbiological contamination on dummies used in CPR institutions.

Methods: A total of 31 dummy samples were collected from 13 different institutions in Korea, and were evaluated for the number of contaminating bacteria and fungi on the surface. PCR and biochemical tests were performed to identify pathogenic bacteria and fungi, including Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Moreover, we further assessed the survival rate of microorganisms on the surface of the dummies.

Results: We assessed the total number of microorganisms on the surface to be 77,752CFU/cm² (±50,047CFU), which is up to 188 times higher than the required surface contamination level. Grampositive cocci such as Micrococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. accounted for the highest proportion (55.3%). Especially, we detected three MRSA strains. Considering the isolated fungi and yeast, Aspergillus spp. and Candidia spp. accounted for the highest proportion. Assessing the contamination level simulation and survival rate on the humanoid surface showed that within two weeks of training, the level of contamination on the dummy's surface exceeded the standard, and artificially contaminated pathogenic strains on the surface of the dummy survived for at least 40 days.

Conclusion: To minimize the possibility of secondary infections during CPR training, there is a requirement for a standardized protocol for proper microbiological management of dummies.

Keywords: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR); dummy; fungi; infections; methicillin-resistant S. aureus; survival period.